Name

Item

Chlorine Dioxide

(Clo2)

Sodium Hypochlorite/

Calcium Hypchlorite

Ozone

Phenol

Efficacy

High

Moderate

High

High

Microbial Range

Broad spectrum effective against all bacteria, viruses, mold, fungi, and algae, including spore-formers like Giardia and Cryptosporidium

Relatively ineffective against most viruses, molds, fungi and spore-formers

Broad spectrum

effective against all types of microorganisms,

including spore-forming types

Effective against most

Microorganisms except certain spore-formers such as Giardia

Contact Time

Few seconds to few minutes

Usually minutes to hours

Seconds to minutes

Minutes to an hour or more depending on target organism

Concen-tration

0.1 ppm - 100 ppm

1000 ppm to % range

0.1 ppm - 10 ppm

100 ppm to % range

PH

Neutral

Alkaline

Neutral

Mildly acidic to neutral

Corrosiveness

Negligible at use concentration

Corrosive to iron and aluminum products

May be marginally corrosive to iron and some grades of stainless steel at Higher concentrations

Higher concentrations tend

to be more acidic and cause corrosion to iron and certain

grades of stainless steel

Toxicity

Negligible at use concentration.

Prolonged exposure to high concentrations can produce skin and respiratory irritation

Alkaline compounded products are highly corrosive to tissues.

They may produce chlorinated by-products such as chloroform, etc

Probably negligible at use

concentrations

Extremely toxic.

Chronic exposure can lead to kidney, liver and neurological

damage. Highly regulated by OSHA

Bio-degradable

High for reactive chemicals and typical byproducts

Moderate for bleach itself. Low for chlorinated by-products

High

Relatively low

Other Applications

Drinking and wastewater

disinfection, deodorization and

chemical oxidation

Deodorizer and wastewater treatment.

Restricted applications

in drinking water sanitation

Primarily used for

drinking water and wastewater disinfection with some chemical oxidation applications

Use limited to surface sanitizers and as an active ingredient in sanitizer lubricant formulations

Cost

Moderate

Low

Very high

Moderately high

Other Comments

Does not form chlorinated by-products, e.g. chloroform,

chlorophenois, or trichloromethane

Shelf life and stability are poor. Odor and baleaching effects can be a problem

Powerful chemical

oxidant and biocide.

Highly reactive, affording no residual protection

Phenol is also a Class 1 RCRA

hazardous waste which must be disposed of by incineration